The Function of Endothelin-1 (ET-1) as a Biomarker for the Early Identification of Endothelial Dysfunction in National Health Security (NHS) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): A Shift in Paradigm

Authors

  • Aldian Pratama Indonesian National Army Health Center, Jakarta, Indonesia

Keywords:

ET-1, Early Detection, Endothelial Dysfunction, National Health Security (NHS)

Abstract

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor and functions as a non-invasive biomarker for endothelial dysfunction from a biomolecular standpoint. Endothelial dysfunction is a precursor to hypertension and various cardiovascular diseases. According to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the financial burden associated with cardiovascular diseases has been increasing annually. This necessitates a paradigm shift within the national health resilience framework, moving from a focus on illness to one that emphasizes health promotion and prevention, with the aim of mitigating the financial impact of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this research is to investigate the essential role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and enhancing national health resilience. The investigation seeks to emphasize the unique and clinical significance of endothelin-1 (ET-1) across various sectors, particularly concerning cardiovascular risk, as well as the potential economic advantages of alleviating the disease burden. The results reveal that endothelin-1 (ET-1) plays a significant role in contributing to the SDGs by facilitating the early detection of endothelial dysfunction, thereby helping to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Originality and value lie in its use of a novel statistical analysis to explore the relationship between endothelin-1 (ET-1) and other pertinent parameters. This research highlights the integrative function of Endothelin-1 (ET-1) in harmonizing the objectives of the SDGs with those of National Health Resilience, providing actionable insights for decision-makers across various sectors. The findings establish a basis for policymakers and practitioners to utilize endothelin-1 (ET-1) in promoting comprehensive and sustainable development.

References

Adelowo, A. B. (2021). Analyzing the Magnitude of Global Epidemiological Transition in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Need to Review the Current Healthcare Management Approach. Texila International Journal of Public Health, 9(3). https://doi.org/10.21522/TIJPH.2013.09.03.Art018

Banecki, K. M. R. M., & Dora, K. A. (2023). Endothelin-1 in Health and Disease.

Bappenas. (2019). Roadmap of SDGs Indonesia : A Highlight. 27–36. https://www.unicef.org/indonesia/sites/unicef.org.indonesia/files/2019-07/ROADMAP OF SDGs INDONESIA_final draft.pdf

Kassa, M., & Grace, J. (2020). The Global Burden and Perspectives on Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) and the Prevention, Data Availability, and Systems Approach of NCDs in Low-Resource Countries. Public Health in Developing Countries - Challenges and Opportunities, November. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89516

Kostov, K. (2021). The causal relationship between endothelin-1 and hypertension: Focusing on endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, vascular remodeling, and blood pressure regulation. Life, 11(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/life11090986

Mozaffarian, D., Wilson, P. W. F., & Kannel, W. B. (2008). Beyond established and novel risk factors, lifestyle risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Circulation, 117(23), 3031–3038. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.738732

PERKI. (2022). Panduan Prevensi Penyakit Kardiovaskular Arterosklerosis. In Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Kardiovaskular Indonesia 2022.

Poredos, P., Poredos, A. V., & Gregoric, I. (2021). Endothelial Dysfunction and Its Clinical Implications. Angiology, 72(7), 604–615. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003319720987752

Ramadani, R. V., Svensson, M., Hassler, S., Hidayat, B., & Ng, N. (2024). The impact of multimorbidity among adults with cardiovascular diseases on healthcare costs in Indonesia: a multilevel analysis. BMC Public Health, 24(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18301-7

Roth, G. A., et al. (2020). Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990-2019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 76(25), 2982–3021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010

Segers, V. F. M., Bringmans, T., & De Keulenaer, G. W. (2023). Endothelial dysfunction at the cellular level in three dimensions: severity, acuteness, and distribution. American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism, 325(2), H398–H413. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00256.2023

Sena, C. M., Gonçalves, L., & Seiça, R. (2022). Methods to evaluate vascular function: a crucial approach towards predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine. EPMA Journal, 13(2), 209–235. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13167-022-00280-7

United Nations. (2020). Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goals and targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Work of the Statistical Commission Pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, 1–21.

WHO. (2024). Tackling NCDs. In World Health Organization. © World Health Organization 2024

WHO. (2024). Health system resilience indicators. Health system resilience indicators an integrated package for measuring and monitoring health system resilience in countries © World Health Organization 2024

Widlansky, M. E., Gokce, N., Keaney, J. F., & Vita, J. A. (2003). The clinical implications of endothelial dysfunction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 42(7), 1149–1160. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(03)00994-X

Downloads

Published

2025-09-07

Issue

Section

Articles